This dataset contains all indicators employed in Chapter 3 of Multilevel Democracy:  How Local Institutions and Civil Society Shape the Modern State (Cambridge University Press, 2020).   

The sources and formulas for calculation of the institutional variables may be found in the Word file named Local Linkages Codebook and Sources  YYYYMMDD.   The .csv file Local Linkages OECD institutional and civic indicators all  YYYYMMDD contains the variables for 21 OECD countries.   Institutional variables have been collected for as close as possible to the year 2005, please refer to the  Codebook for the precise dates.   Civic associational indicators have been aggregated from multiple surveys by the International Social Survey Program and the World Values Survey over 1994-2007.   A second .csv file entitled Local Linkages OECD institutional indicators for cluster analysis YYYYMMDD contains the institutional indicators employed in the cluster analysis described in the Appendix for Multilevel Democracy.   All variables in this analysis were normalized to a scale of 0-2.

The Excel workbook named "Civic organizations agg Tables and Graphs YYYYMMDD" contains tabulations of the items from the World Values Survey and the International Social Survey Program used the create average country values in Tables 3.10 and 3.11.

Five additional Excel workbooks entitled "COUNTRYNAME_Local_Government_worksheet_YYYYMMDD" contain tabulations of the values used to calculate national average institutional codings for federal countries.   The calculations are based on either national surveys of local government officials (in the US), or on the rules applied within each subnational unit, weighted where possible by the proportionate population.  For further specification, see Multilevel Democracy, p. 57 and fn. 2.